Inorganic heranba theory put forward by Berthelok (1866) which states that petroleum is derived and

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Petroleum is a mixture of various hydrocarbons, the type most commonly found molecules heranba are alkanes (both straight chain or branched), cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, or compounds such as aspaltena complex. Each oil has a unique molecular Earth, respectively, which are known from the physical and chemical characteristics, color, and viscosity. heranba
Alkanes, also called paraffins, are saturated hydrocarbons with straight or branched heranba chain molecule containing only the elements carbon and hydrogen with the general formula C n H 2n +2. In general, petroleum containing 5 to 40 carbon atoms per molecule, although the number of carbon molecules with fewer / more may also exist in the mixture.
Alkanes from pentane (C 5 H 12) to octane (C 8 H 18) are refined into petrol, while alkanes kind nonane heranba (C 9 H 20) to hexadecane (C 16 H 34) are refined into diesel, kerosene and jet fuel ). Alkanes with 16 or more carbon atoms will be refined into oil / lubricant. Alkanes with the number of carbon atoms greater, for example paraffin wax having 25 carbon atoms, and asphalt heranba has more than 35 carbon atoms. Alkanes with a number of 1 to 4 carbon atoms will form a gas at room temperature, and sold as LPG (LPG). In winter, butane (C 4 H 10), is used as an ingredient in gasoline, because of the high vapor pressure of butane that will help the engine running in the winter. Another is the use of alkanes as a cigarette lighter. In some countries, propane (C 3 H 8) can be availed under moderate pressure, and community use as a transportation fuel and cooking.
Cycloalkanes, also known as naptena, are saturated hydrocarbons which have one or more double bonds in the carbon, with the general formula C n H 2n. Cycloalkanes have characteristics that are similar to alkanes but have higher boiling points.
Aromatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated hydrocarbons which have one or more carbon-6 planar rings called benzene rings, in which the hydrogen atom binds to a carbon atom with the general formula C n H n. Such hydrocarbons when burned it will cause black smoke. Some are carcinogenic.
All kinds of different molecules on top are separated by fractional distillation at the refinery heranba to produce gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, and other hydrocarbons. An example is 2,2,4-trimethylpentanes (isooctane), used as the main mix in gasoline, has a chemical formula C 8 H 18 and reacts with oxygen in an exothermic:
The number of individual molecules in petroleum can be studied in the laboratory. These molecules are typically extracted in a solvent will then be separated in a gas chromatograph, and then can be detected by a suitable detector.
Incomplete combustion of petroleum or processed products will cause toxic byproducts. For example, too little oxygen mixes it will produce heranba carbon monoxide. Due to the high temperature and pressure in the vehicle's engine, the exhaust gases produced by the engine is usually also contain molecules of nitrogen oxides can cause smog.
Inorganic heranba theory put forward by Berthelok (1866) which states that petroleum is derived and the reaction of calcium carbide, CaC 2 (and the reaction between carbonate rocks and alkali metals) and water produces acetylene which can be turned into oil at high temperature and pressure.
Organic theory put forward by Engker which states that petroleum is formed from the weathering and decomposition heranba in anaerobic micro-organisms (microorganisms) from marine plants in porous rocks.
a) Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) is known by the presence of alkanes or straight-chain paraffins as the main component (the highest), while fewer branched chain constituent compounds include: Methane CH4 Ethane CH 3 - CH 3 Propane CH 3 - CH 2 - CH 3 CH Butane 3 - (CH 2) 2 - CH 3 n-heptane and n